Unit of Life - Cell
Cell and Cell Theory
Introduction of the Cell
The Cell (comes from the Latin word cella, meaning is "Small Room") is the basic Structural, Functional, and Biological unit of all known Living Organisms. A cell is the Smallest Unit of life that can replicate independently, and cells are often called the "Building Blocks of Life". The study of cells is known as Cell Biology.
For example, within the human body, a lot of cells give rise to a tissue → multiple tissues make up an organ → many organs create an organ system → several organs systems functioning together make up the human body.
Discovery of the cell
Initially we didn't had any knowledge of cells. This is because they were too small for the naked eye. The discovery of the microscope made it possible to observe cells and even study them in detail. Although it was the scientist, Robert Hooke who coined the term ‘cell’ after observing dead cells through his microscope, and Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first who observed living cells. Many years later, Robert Brown discovered the ‘nucleus’, the engine that makes a cell function.
Cell Theory
In 1838, a German botanist, Matthias Schleiden was the first to state that cells are the building blocks of all plants. In the following year, another German botanist, Theodor Schwann stated that cells are the fundamental units of animals too. These statements ended the notion that plants and animals have fundamental differences in structure. Their discoveries led to the formulation of the ‘Cell Theory’.
Cell Theory states that cells are the basic units of all living organisms. But, the cell theory failed to explain how new cells arise.
In 1855, Rudolf Virchow, a German physiologist stated ‘Omnis cellula e cellula’ which means that new cells come from already existing cells.
Therefore, the three important points of the modified cell theory are as follows:
• The cell is the basic functional and structural unit of all living organisms.
• All living organisms are made up of cells.
• All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
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