Important Questions for Class 11 Biology - The Living World
Class 11 Important Questions for Biology Chapter 1 Living World
Question 1:
Why are living organisms classified?
ANSWER:
A large variety of plants, animals, and microbes are found on earth. All these living organisms differ in size, shape, colour, habitat, and many other characteristics. As there are millions of living organisms on earth, studying each of them is impossible. Therefore, scientists have devised mechanisms to classify all living organisms. These methods of classification are based on rules and principles that allow identification, nomenclature, and finally classification of an organism.
Question 2:
Why are the classification systems changing every now and then?
ANSWER:
Millions of plants, animals, and microorganisms are found on earth. Many of these have been identified by the scientists while many new species are still being discovered around the world. Therefore, to classify these newly discovered species, new systems of classification have to be devised every now and then. This creates the requirement to change the existing systems of classification.
Question 3:
Given below is the scientific name of Mango. Identify the correctly written name.
Mangifera Indica
Mangifera indica
ANSWER:
In binomial system of nomenclature, the generic name of a species always starts with a capital letter whereas the specific name starts with a small letter. Therefore, the correct scientific name of Mango is Mangifera indica.
Question 4:
Define a taxon. Give some examples of taxa at different hierarchical levels.
ANSWER:
Each unit or category of classification is termed as a taxon. It represents a rank. For example, the basic level of classification is species, followed by genus, family, order, class, phylum or division, in ascending order. The highest level of classification is known as kingdom.
Question 5:
Can you identify the correct sequence of taxonomical categories?
(a) Species → Order → Phylum → Kingdom
(b) Genus → Species → Order → Kingdom
(c) Species → Genus → Order → Phylum
ANSWER:
The correct hierarchical arrangement of taxonomic categories in ascending order is
Species → Genus → Family → Order → Class → Phylum → Kingdom
Therefore, both (a) and (c) represent correct sequences of taxonomic categories.
Question 6:
Illustrate the taxonomical hierarchy with suitable examples of a plant and an animal.
ANSWER:
The arrangement of various taxa in a hierarchical order is called taxonomic hierarchy.
In this hierarchy, species is present at the lowest level whereas kingdom is present at the highest level.
Question 7:
Define and understand the following terms:
(i) Phylum (ii) Class (iii) Family (iv) Order (v) Genus
ANSWER:
(i) Phylum
Phylum is the primary division of kingdom. It includes one or more related classes of animals. In plants, instead of phylum, the term ‘division’ is used.
(ii) Class
Class is a taxonomic group consisting of one or more related orders. For example, the class, Mammalia, includes many orders.
(iii) Family
Family is a taxonomic group containing one or more related genera. In plants, families are categorized on the basis of vegetative and reproductive features.
(iv) Order
Order is a taxonomic group containing one or more families. For example, the order, carnivore, includes many families.
(v) Genus
Genus is a taxonomic group including closely related species. For example, the genus, Solanum, includes many species such as nigrum, melongena, tuberosum,etc.
Question 8:
Name a few botanical gardens in India. Also, name the largest botanical garden in the world.
ANSWER
Kew Royal Garden in London is the largest botanical garden in the world. Botanical gardens in India are:
Indian Botanical Garde, Kolkata
Lalbagh Botanical Garden, Bangalore
Government Botanical garden, Ooty
National Botanical Garden, Lucknow
Assam State Botanical Garden, Guwahati
Question 9:
What do you mean by living? Explain the defining characteristics of living organisms.
ANSWER
Living means a thing that can grow, reproduce, has a cellular organization and is aware of its surroundings. Following are the defining characteristics of a living organism:
Growth– All living organisms have the ability to grow. Growth refers to the increase in the number and size of an organism.
Reproduction– All living organisms have the property of giving rise to a new individual. Reproduction can occur through sexual and/or asexual means.
Metabolism– All living organisms exhibit the process of metabolism. It is a series of chemical reactions which converts food into energy.
Cellular organization– Cell is the structural and functional unit of life. All living organisms are made up of one or more cells.
Question 10:
Write the full form for the following code – ICVN, ICBN, ICZN, ICNB.
ANSWER
ICVN– The International Code of Viral Nomenclature.
ICBN–The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature.
ICZN– The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.
ICNB– The Institute for Nature Conservation and Biodiversity.
The different phyla of the animal kingdom have been explained. Check link given below for better understanding.
Classification of Non Chordata animals
Classification of Chordata animals
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